In the long geological history of nearly 400 million years, Zhangjiajie Geopark has undergone various climate and environmental changes, with numerous flora and fauna constantly evolving and changing. At present, there are fossils of ancient animals and plants in many parts of the park, such as Eastern sword toothed ivory fossils, rhinoceros molars fossils, giant panda skull fossils, rhinoceros molars fossils, deer antlers fossils, stone swallows fossils, trilobite fossils and hornstones, turtle stone, rice flower stone, chrysanthemum stone, leopard flower stone, lily jade, etc. (Figure 1-4). In addition, there are prehistoric relict plants such as Hongtong, Ginkgo biloba, and Metasequoia. In archaeology, these plants are referred to as "living fossils".

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